Saturday, April 30, 2022

Remembering Gilbert Gottfried (February 28, 1955-April 12, 2022)

 




Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried (February 28, 1955 – April 12, 2022) was an American stand-up comedian and actor. His persona as a comedian featured an exaggerated shrill voice, strong New York accent, and emphasis on crude humor. His numerous roles in film and television include voicing the scarlet macaw Iago in the Aladdin animated films and series, Digit LeBoid in Cyberchase, Kraang Subprime in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and the Aflac Duck. He was also known for his role as Mr. Peabody in the critically panned but commercially successful Problem Child film series.


Gottfried hosted the podcast Gilbert Gottfried's Amazing Colossal Podcast (2014–2022), which featured discussions of classic movies and celebrity interviews, most often with veteran actors, comedians, musicians, and comedy writers. The documentary Gilbert (2017) explored his life and career; it won the Special Jury Prize for Best Documentary at the 2017 deadCENTER Film Festival.


Early life


Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried was born on February 28, 1955, in the Coney Island section of the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the son of homemaker Lillian Zimmerman and hardware store owner Max Gottfried. His father and grandfather ran the store, above which the family lived. He was raised in a Jewish family but later said of his unusual upbringing, "I ate pork. We weren't that aware of the holidays or anything like that, but were aware of being Jewish. It's like I kind of knew that even though I was never bar mitzvahed and we didn't follow the holidays, I knew that if the Nazis came back, I'd be in the same train coach with everyone else." He was the younger brother of Karen and photographer Arlene Gottfried (1950–2017). From Coney Island, the family moved to Brooklyn's Crown Heights, followed by Borough Park.


Career


Gottfried's first routine on stage was at The Bitter End in Greenwich Village, during one of its Hootenanny Night events, when he was fifteen. His two sisters accompanied him, having thought the performances their brother did for the family were good enough for the stage and encouraged Gottfried to try it out. His early routines focused on impressions of old time actors and celebrities, including Boris Karloff and Humphrey Bogart. From there he worked the local comedy circuit and became known in the area as a "comedian's comedian", and started to perform edgier material when he got bored of his usual routines. One such incident occurred when Gottfried opened for singer Belinda Carlisle, which was attended by younger girls and their mothers: "I tried doing my regular act for about five minutes, then I just launched into the filthiest stuff I could think of. And the next day, I got a call from my agent saying 'Everybody there loved you', which is show business talk for, 'You're fired.'”


In 1980, Saturday Night Live was being retooled with a new staff and new comedians; the producers noticed Gottfried and hired him as a cast member for season 6. Gottfried's persona during SNL sketches was very different from his later characterization: he rarely spoke in his trademark obnoxiously screeching voice and never squinted. During his 12-episode stint, he was seldom used in sketches. Gottfried recalled that a low point was having to play a corpse in a sketch about a sports organist hired to play inappropriate music at a funeral. He did have one recurring character (Leo Waxman, husband to Denny Dillon's Pinky Waxman on the recurring talk show sketch, "What's It All About?") and two celebrity impersonations: David A. Stockman and Roman Polanski.


Gottfried in 1991


In April 1987, Gottfried headlined a half-hour comedy special that aired as part of the Cinemax Comedy Experiment series. It was followed by the sitcom pilot Norman's Corner, co-written by Larry David prior to creating Seinfeld, which saw Gottfried as the titular character. Gottfried played accountant Sidney Bernstein in the 1987 film Beverly Hills Cop II, in which he reunited with friend and fellow SNL alumnus Eddie Murphy. Also in 1987, Gottfried made his debut appearance on The Howard Stern Show. He went on to make numerous appearances on the radio show over the next 25 years.


Although not a regular, Gottfried appeared in The Amazing Live Sea Monkeys, as well as the voice of Jerry the Belly Button Elf on Ren and Stimpy. Three of his most prominent roles came in 1990, 1991, and 1992, when he was cast as the adoption agent Igor Peabody in Problem Child and Problem Child 2 and the parrot Iago in Aladdin. When asked how he prepared for the role, Gottfried said, "I did the whole DeNiro thing. I moved to South America! I lived in the trees!" Gottfried reprised the role in The Return of Jafar, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the television series and various related media, such as Kingdom Hearts and House of Mouse. However, the character was ultimately recast to Alan Tudyk for the 2019 remake. He also voiced Berkeley Beetle in 1994's Thumbelina. He was the host of the Saturday edition of USA Up All Night for its entire run from 1989 to 1998.


Gottfried was a recurring guest star during the Tom Bergeron era of The Hollywood Squares and became the central figure in a bizarre episode that aired October 1, 1999. In this episode, the two contestants made nine consecutive incorrect guesses, six of which were to be game-deciding questions asked to Gottfried. Magician Penn Jillette, who was a guest alongside his magic partner Teller on the same episode, berated a contestant earlier for giving an incorrect guess by shouting, "You fool!" Gottfried himself then began to use the phrase, with most of the other stars (including Bergeron himself) eventually joining in with every successive wrong guess, beginning with the second question he was asked. As a consequence, it took the episode's entire half hour to play only one game. Appropriately, the episode became known as the "You Fool!" episode. Gottfried was fired from Hollywood Squares after this incident.


Gottfried provided the voice of the duck in the Aflac commercials and Digit in Cyberchase, as well as the crazed dentist Dr. Bender and his son Wendell in The Fairly OddParents, and Mister Mxyzptlk (pronounced "Mikz-yez-pit-lik") in Superman: The Animated Series. He reprised his role as Mxyzptlk in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, Justice League Action, and Lego DC Super-Villains. He also played a nasty wisecracking criminal genius named Nick Knack in two episodes of Superboy (he also co-wrote an issue of Superboy: The Comic Book, which featured Nick Knack's origin). Gottfried made regular appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.


In 2004, Comedy Central featured Gottfried's stand-up material for Shorties Watchin' Shorties. Gottfried was part of an online advertising campaign for Microsoft's Office XP software, showing, in a series of Flash-animated cartoons, that the Clippy office assistant would be removed. In 2006, Gottfried topped the Boston Phoenix's tongue-in-cheek list of the world's 100 Unsexiest Men. In April 2006, Gottfried performed with the University of Pennsylvania's Mask and Wig Club in their annual Intercollegiate Comedy Festival. Also in 2006, he made an appearance on the Let's Make a Deal portion of Gameshow Marathon (as a baby in a large high chair, he says "Hey Ricki, I think I need my diaper changed!"), and in the Dodge Viper in the big deal (where he tells the contestants "What were you thinking?!" because neither one picked it). He also guest-starred in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy as Santa Claus in the one-hour Christmas Special. He voiced Rick Platypus in an episode of My Gym Partner's a Monkey entitled "That Darn Platypus".


He appeared as Peter's horse in an episode of Family Guy entitled "Boys Do Cry" (in which Peter Griffin is enthused to learn that Gottfried is providing the horse's voice). He also guest-starred in Hannah Montana as Barny Bittmen. In January 2009, Gottfried worked again with David Faustino for an episode of Faustino's show Star-ving. In 2011, Gottfried appeared in the episode "Lost Traveller" on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Leo Gerber, a sarcastic computer professional working for the NYPD's Technical Assistance Response Unit, which producer Warren Leight said could become a recurring character. Gottfried read a section from the hit book Fifty Shades of Grey in a June 2012 YouTube video, which was created with the aim of using Gottfried's trademark voice to make fun of the book's graphic sexual content.


In 2011, Gottfried published his only book, Rubber Balls and Liquor.


In 2013, Gottfried became a member of "Team Rachael" on the second season of Food Network's Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off. In March that year he appeared on ABC's Celebrity Wife Swap. He swapped wives with Alan Thicke. He was also a commentator on truTV Presents: World's Dumbest....


Gottfried in 2016


On May 28, 2014, Sideshow Network premiered Gilbert Gottfried's Amazing Colossal Podcast, an interview series where Gottfried and his co-host Frank Santopadre discussed classic movies and talk to "Hollywood legends and behind-the-scenes talents" who shaped Gottfried's childhood and influenced his comedy. His first guest was Dick Cavett.


Gottfried was the third contestant fired during the fourteenth season of the NBC reality show The Celebrity Apprentice. In 2016 he played the 'Pig Man' in a comedy/fantasy film Abnormal Attraction.


In 2017 he appeared as himself in Episodes, where a contestant on a fictional TV endurance game show is penalized with "48 hours of Gilbert Gottfried".


On June 10, 2018, Gottfried appeared in a special segment of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver where, for UK viewers only, a segment about the UK's law restricting broadcast of debates from the Houses of Parliament was replaced by five minutes of him reading "3-star Yelp reviews" along with host John Oliver telling the audience "you brought this on yourself because of your stupid law". He returned on November 18, 2018, in the show's last episode of the year to read out extracts from the Brexit agreement, again for UK viewers only. He had previously performed as "the real voice of Jared Kushner" in dubbed film clips on the show.


On July 31, 2019, Gottfried appeared as a guest in episode 170 of the Angry Video Game Nerd. On January 10, 2022, he guest-starred as God on the season finale of Smiling Friends.


Style and legacy


Danny Gallagher of the Dallas Observer wrote that "Gottfried has one of the most original formulas in the history of comedy", adding, "You don't just laugh at the punchline when Gilbert Gottfried tells a joke. You laugh at the setup. You laugh at his comments about the joke. You even laugh at the segues between his jokes." Eric Falwell wrote of his influence in The Atlantic: "Gottfried's work as a stand-up shaped many comics today, whether they would say as much or not. He was a figure who ... pushed stand-up to move beyond the realm of the merely observational and create space for the absurd."


Gottfried was known for speaking in a loud and grating voice, which was not his natural speaking voice. Mark Binneli of Rolling Stone described Gottfried as a "squinting, squawking mass of contradictions", noting his status as "one of America's filthiest stand-ups" while simultaneously being "one of the most successful voice-over artists in children's entertainment". He was also known for joking about recent tragedies, prompting fellow comedian Bill Maher to dub him the "King of Too Soon". In a July 2012 op-ed for CNN, he wrote, "I have always felt comedy and tragedy are roommates. If you look up comedy and tragedy, you will find a very old picture of two masks. One mask is tragedy. It looks like it's crying. The other mask is comedy. It looks like it's laughing. Nowadays, we would say, 'How tasteless and insensitive. A comedy mask is laughing at a tragedy mask.'"


Incidents


1991 Emmy Awards performance


At the 43rd Primetime Emmy Awards, Gottfried told a series of masturbation jokes in reference to Paul Reubens's arrest for masturbating in an adult movie theater. Viewers in the Eastern time zone saw the entire set live, but Fox censored the broadcast for the West Coast delay. Fox issued an apology, calling the jokes "irresponsible and insulting". Gottfried said that producers stated he would not be invited back, and Rolling Stone wrote that the monologue resulted in his blacklisting.


9/11 joke and The Aristocrats


During his monologue at a Friars Club roast of Hugh Hefner three weeks after the September 11 attacks, Gottfried joked that he had intended to catch a plane but could not get a direct flight because "they said they have to stop at the Empire State Building first". This was one of the first public examples of 9/11 humor. Audience members responded with hisses and a cry of "too soon!" Realizing he had lost the audience "bigger than anybody has ever lost an audience", Gottfried abandoned his prepared remarks and launched into the famous Aristocrats joke, which won back the audience. Penn Jillette and Paul Provenza used Gottfried's monologue as a segment in their 2005 film The Aristocrats.


Aflac firing


In March 2011, Gottfried tweeted twelve jokes about the earthquake disaster in Japan. Aflac, which does 75% of its business in Japan, responded by dismissing Gottfried from voicing its mascot and announcing a casting call for his replacement. He was replaced by Daniel McKeague (who did an impression of Gottfried) on April 26, 2011.


Personal life


In 1992, Gottfried suffered from a burst appendix and was rushed to hospital for emergency surgery. His doctors informed him that had another hour passed without treatment, he would have died.


In the late 1990s, Gottfried met Dara Kravitz at a Grammy Awards party. They were married in 2007 and had a daughter named Lily and a son named Max, both were named after his parents. He was a longtime resident of the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan.


Gottfried was known for his frugality. He often walked instead of using public transportation, because he did not want to pay the fares; illustrator Drew Friedman also recalled that Gottfried would visit his apartment unannounced in the late 1980s to watch films on his VCR, because he did not want to buy one himself.


Death


On April 12, 2022, at the age of 67, Gottfried died in Manhattan from recurrent ventricular tachycardia, complicated by type II myotonic dystrophy. He had been hiding his condition from the public.


Gottfried was scheduled to appear as special guest at Ebertfest film festival to discuss documentary film about him, Gilbert. In the aftermath of his death, Ebertfest announced it would be dedicating their 2022 event to the memory of Gottfried and Sidney Poitier.

Remembering Naomi Judd (January 11, 1946-April 30, 2022)

 




Naomi Judd (born Diana Ellen Judd; January 11, 1946 – April 30, 2022) was an American country music singer and actress. In 2021, she was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame as a member of The Judds alongside her daughter Wynonna.


Early life


Judd was born to Pauline Ruth 'Polly' (née Oliver) and Charles Glen Judd on January 11, 1946, in Ashland, Kentucky. Her father owned a gas station. In 1965, her brother Brian died of leukemia at the age of 17. Naomi Judd's first child, Christina Ciminella (later Wynonna Judd), was born when Judd was 18. After the birth of her daughter Ashley (April 1968), who later became a film and stage actress, and the end of her marriage to Michael Ciminella, Judd brought up both daughters as a single parent, first attending nursing school at California's College of Marin while living in nearby Lagunitas, California, and later beginning a successful singing career with daughter Wynonna.


The Judds


With her daughter Wynonna Judd, she formed the highly successful singing duo known as the Judds. As country music's most famous mother–daughter team, the Judds scored twenty top-10 hits (including fifteen at number one) and went undefeated for eight consecutive years at all three major country music awards shows. In addition, the duo won five Grammy Awards and a vast array of other awards and honors. As a songwriter, Judd also won a Grammy for country song of the year with the Judds' hit "Love Can Build a Bridge".


1991: End of the Judds, life afterward


In 1991, after selling more than 20 million albums and videos in seven years and at the pinnacle of their career, the Judds came to an abrupt end when Naomi Judd was diagnosed with Hepatitis C. The band ended on a high note: their Farewell Tour was the top grossing act, and their farewell concert the most successful musical event in cable pay-per-view history. In 1991, Judd created the Naomi Judd Education and Research Fund to raise awareness of Hepatitis C, and used the strength of her experiences as spokes-model for the American Liver Foundation.


In 1993, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.


She continued to act occasionally (one of her first acting jobs was a small role in More American Graffiti in 1979). In 1999, she starred as Lily Waite alongside Andy Griffith and Gerald McRaney in the film A Holiday Romance.


In 1999, The Judds reunited for a New Year's Eve concert in Phoenix at the America West Arena, with Ashley as the MC. In 2000, the Judds reunited again for their "Power to Change" tour, performing to over 300,000 people on thirty dates. The duo was nominated as the Academy of Country Music's top vocal duo of the year in 2001. From 2003 to 2004, Judd also served as one of the judges of the revamped version of Star Search hosted by Arsenio Hall.


In 2005, Judd began Naomi's New Morning, a talk show on Sunday mornings on the Hallmark Channel. The show lasted two seasons. She is also the author of several self-help books, including Naomi's Guide to Aging Gratefully: Facts, Myths, and Good News for Boomers (2007).


In 2008, Judd joined a new television reality-competition series Can You Duet, as a judge and mentor. The show, by the producers of American Idol, aired on Country Music Television.


In 2011, Judd starred alongside actress Laura Prepon in the Lifetime television movie The Killing Game.


In 2014, she starred as "Honey" in An Evergreen Christmas.


Judd competed with her husband in the first season of the Fox Broadcasting reality cooking series My Kitchen Rules.


Personal life and death


Judd's second marriage was on May 6, 1989, to Larry Strickland of the Palmetto State Quartet.


After her last tour, Judd developed depression, anxiety, panic attacks, edema, baldness, tremors and suicidal thoughts. She died in the Nashville, Tennessee, area on April 30, 2022, at the age of 76. Her daughters tweeted, in part: "Today we sisters experienced a tragedy. We lost our beautiful mother to the disease of mental illness."

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1894

 



Robert Louis Stevenson

Adolphe Sax

Heinrich Hertz

Alexander III of Russia

Christina Rosetti

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Hermann Von Helmholtz

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

Ferdinand De Lesseps

Anton Rubinstein

Jubal Early

Lajos Kossuth

Hans Von Bulow

George Stoneman

Lobengula

Nathaniel P. Banks

Joseph P. Brown

Emmanuel Chabrier

Zebulon B. Vance

Martha Needle

Andy Bowen

Theodor Billroth

Francis II of the Two Sicilies

Gustave Caillebotte

Johanna Von Puttanker

Heinrich Hoffmann

Hassan I of Morocco

Patrick Eugene Prendergast

Elizabeth Peabody

Mary Jane Patterson

Macon Bolling Allen

Pio Pico

Happy Birthday: April 30, 2022

 


Willie Nelson, 89

Johnny Galecki, 47

Kirsten Dunst, 40

Dianna Argon, 36

Travis Scott, 30

Burt Young, 82

Perry King, 74

Wayne Kramer, 74

Merrill Osmond, 69

Jane Campion, 68

Paul Gross, 63

Robert Reynolds, 60

Adrian Pasdar, 57

J. R. Richards, 55

Turbo B, 55

Clark Vogeler, 53

Chris "Choc" Dalyrimple, 51

Chris Henderson, 51

Carolyn Dawn Johnson, 51

Lisa Dean Ryan, 50

Akon, 49

Jeff Timmons, 49

Inga Cadranel, 44

Sam Heughan, 42

Kunal Nayyar, 41

Tyler Wilkinson,38

Brandon Lancaster, 33

Isiah Thomas, 61

Carl Friedrich Gauss (April 30, 1777-February 23, 1855)

Indiana Urban Legends on TPKs Stories

 https://anchor.fm/valerie-harvey/episodes/Indiana-Urban-Legends-e1hsrra

 

Friday, April 29, 2022

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1895

 



Friedrich Engels

Louis Pasteur

Thomas Henry Huxley

Arthur Cayley

Jose Marti

Charles Frederic Girard

James Dwight Dana

Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet

Richard Morris Hunt

Emile Louis Ragonot

Calvert Vaux

Lord Randolph Churchill

Empress Myeongseong

Berthe Morisot

William Mahone

Friedrich Miescher

Anyos Jedlik

William Penny Brookes

Daniel Owen

Johann Josef Loschmidt

Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen

Nikolai Leskov

Viktor Rydberg

Ludwig Schlafli

Thomas Francis Luade

Leopold Von Sacher-Masoch

Lady Charlotte Guest

Robert Payne Smith

Ewan Christian

Edward Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe

Mykhailo Drahomandu

Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare

Happy Birthday: April 29, 2022

 


Jerry Seinfeld, 68

Daniel Day-Lewis, 65

Michelle Pfeiffer,64

Eve Plumb, 64

Uma Thurman, 52

Andre Agassi, 52

Keith Baxter, 89

Bob Miranda, 80

Duane Allen, 79

Tommy James, 75

Leslie Jordan, 67

Kate Mulgrew, 67

Stephanie Bentley, 59

Vincent Ventresca, 56

Carnie Wilson, 54

Paul Adelstein, 53

Master P, 52

Darby Stanchfield, 51

James Bonamy, 50

Erica Campbell, 50

Mike Hogan, 49

Tyler Labine, 44

Megan Boone, 39

Zane Carney, 37

Amy  Heidemann, 36

Foxes, 33

Grace Kaufman, 20

William Randolph Hearst (April 29, 1863-August 14, 1951)

Duke Ellington (April 29, 1899-May 24, 1974)

Dale Earnhardt (April 29, 1951-February 18, 2001)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1896

 



H. H. Holmes

Jose Rizal

Alfred Nobel

Harriet Beecher Stowe

William Morris

Clara Wieck Schumann

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Henry Parkes

John Everett Millais

Anton Bruckner

Paul Verlaine

Otto Lilienthal

Bill Doolin

Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton

Prince Henry of Battenberg

Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria

Maria Wodzinska

George du Maurier

August Kekale

John Langdon Down

Matiram Bhatta

Ferdinand Von Mueller

James Henry Greathead

Ernst Engel

Mirza Reza Kermani

Hippolyte Fizeau


Joseph James Cheeseman

Napolean Sarong

Jane Wilde

Ambrose Thomas

Happy Birthday: April 28, 2022

 


Ann-Margaret, 81

Jay Leno, 72

Mary McDonnell, 70

Penelope Cruz, 48

Jessica Alba, 35

Paul Guilfoyle, 73

Kim Gordon, 69

Too Short, 56

Bridget Moynahan, 51

Chris Young, 51

Big Gipp, 50

Elisabeth Rohm, 49

Jorge Garcia, 49

Nate Richert, 44

Drew Scott, 44

Jonathan Scott, 44

Harry Shum, Jr., 40

Jenna Ushkowitz, 36

Aleisha Allen, 31

John Daly, 56

James Monroe, 5th U.S. President (April 28, 1758-July 4, 1831)

Lionel Barrymore (April 28, 1878-November 15, 1954)

Oskar Schindler (April 28, 1908-October 9,1974)

Harper Lee (April 28, 1926-February 19, 2016)

Terry Pratchett (April 28, 1948-March 12, 2015)

Bruno Kirby (April 28, 1949-August 14, 2006)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1897

 



Johannes Brahms

Andres Bonifacio

Amelia Dyer

Theresa of Lisieux

Effie Gilay

Henry George

Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge

Alphonse Daudet

Karl Weierstrass

George Pullman

Minna Canth

Edward Drinker Cope

Robert Martin

Infanta Luisa Ferdinand, Duchess of Montpensier

Jacob Burckhardt

John Mercer Langston

John Chard

Khur Shidbanu Natavan

James Joseph Sylvester

Louisa Lane Drew

Stanislas De Guaita

William Terriss

Francis Amasa Walker

Galileo Ferraris

Henry Drummond

Princess Florestine of Monaco

Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead

Margaret Oliphant Oliphant

Arthur Heywood-Lonsdale

Ion Chica

Justin Winsor

Happy Birthday: April 27, 2022

 


Ace Freley, 71

Patrick Stump, 38

Jenna Coleman, 36

Lizzo, 34

Emily Rios, 33

Anouk Aimee, 90

Kate Pierson, 74

Herbie Murrell, 73

Douglas Sheehan, 73

Sheena Easton, 63

James Le Gros, 60

Rob Squires, 57

Mica Paris, 53

David Lascher, 50

Maura West, 50

Sally Hawkins, 46

Patrick Hallahan, 44

Jim James, 44

Travis Meeks, 43

Joseph Pope III, 43

John Osbourne, 40

Francis Capra, 40

Ari Graynor, 39

Sheila Vand, 37

Nick Noonan, 36

William Moseley, 45

Samuel Morse (April 27, 1791-April 2, 1872)

Ulysses S. Grant, 18th U.S. President (April 27, 1822-July23, 1885)

Jack Klugman,  April 27, 1927-December 24, 2012)

Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927-January 2006)

Casey Kasem (April 27, 1932-June 15, 2014)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1898

 



Otto Von Bismarck

Lewis Carroll

Empress Elisabeth of Austria

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

William Ewart Gladstone

George Muller

Aubrey Beardsley

Henry Bessmer

Louise of Hesse-Kassel

John Newlands

Stephane Mallarme

William S. Roseclaws

Matilda Joslyn Gage

Soapy Smith

Edward Burne-Jones

Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana

Ivan Shishkin

Don Carlos Buell

Charles Garnier

Gustave Moreau

John Ernst Worrell Keely

Felicien Rops

Samuel Plimsoll

Pierre Puvis De Chauannes

Theodor Fontane

Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet

Justin Smith Morrill

Sarah Emma Edmonds

Eugene Boudin

Siegfried Marcus

Ferdinand Cohn

Georges Rodenbach

Kate Kelly

Lawrence Sullivan Ross

Pavel Tretyakou

Conrad Ferdinand Meyer

Angel Ganivet

Mikhail Chernyayev

Wilford Woodruff

Miklos Barabas

Edward Bellamy

Joao Da Cruz E Sousa

Charles Pelham Villiers

David Ames Wells

Liuslif  Ismail

Clara Fisher

Rudolf Leyckart

Louis Laurent Gabriel De Mortillet

Malietota Laupepa

Chief Mkwawa

Happy Birthday: April 26, 2022

 


Carol Burnette, 89

Giancarlo Esposito, 64

Jet Li, 59

Kevin James, 57

Jordana Brewster, 42

Channing Tatum, 42

Duane Eddy, 84

Maurice Williams, 84

Gary Wright, 79

Roger Taylor, 62

Joan Chen, 61

Chris Mars, 61

Michael Damian, 60

Jimmy Stafford, 58

Jeff Huskins, 56

Marianne Jean-Baptiste, 55

Joe Caverlee, 54

T-Boz, 52

Shondrella Avery, 51

Jay DeMarcus, 51

Simbi Kali, 51

Michael Jeffers, 50

Jose Pasillas, 46

Jason Earles, 45

Leonard Earl Howze, 45

Amin Joseph, 45

Tom Welling, 45

McKenzie Westmore, 45

Pablo Schreiber, 44

Nyambi Nyambi, 43

Stana Katic, 42

Emily Wickersham, 36

Aaron Meeks, 36

James Sunderland, 35

Marcos Aurelius (April 26, 121 A.D.-March 17, 180 A.D.)

David Hume (April 26, 1711-August 25, 1776)

Frederick Law Olmsted (April 26, 1822-August 28,1903)

IM Pei (April 26,1917-May 16, 2019)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1899

 



John Strauss II

Monier Monier-Williams

Othniel Charles Marsh

Dwight L. Moody

Robert G. Ingersoll

Alfred Sisley

Horatio Algier, Jr.

Juan Luna

Sophus Lie

George Bowen

Edward Frankland

Leo Von Caprivi

Elliott Coves

Julius Vogel

Stephen Johnson Field

Aristide Cavaille-Coll

Ka Iulani

Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster

Felix Faure

Lucien Quelet

Garrett Hobart

William Henry  Flower

Antonio Guzman Blanco

Azriel Hildesheimer

John William Dawson

Henry Tate

Arthur Blomfield

Queen Kapiolani

Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione

Henry Plant

Farrer  Herschell, 1st Baron of Herschell

Rosa Bonheor

William Lawrence

William Colenso

Anton Bacalbasa

Juan Ristic

Lon Myers

Francis Harrison Perpont

Charles-Louis-Etienne Nuitter

Happy Birthday: April 25, 2022

 


Al Pacino, 82

Bjorn Ulvaeus, 77

Hank Azaria, 58

Rene Zellweger, 53

Jason Lee, 52

Sara Paxton, 34

Len Goodman, 78

Stu Cook,77

Talia Shire, 77

Jeffrey DeMunn, 75

Rob Crosby, 68

Anoy Bell, 58

Eric Avery, 57

Rory Feek, 57

Jane Clayson, 55

Gina Torres, 53

Jason Wiles, 52

Emily Bergl, 47

Marguerite Moreau,45

Jacob Underwood, 42

Jayden Rey, 13

Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599-September 3, 1658)

Gugliemo Marco (April 25, 1874-July 20, 1937)

Ella Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917-June 15, 1996)

Sunday, April 24, 2022

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1900

 



Oscar Wilde

Friedrich Nietzsche

Arthur Sullivan

Stephen Crane

Ivan Aivazousky

Carit Etlar

Franklyn McLeay

Eca De Quieros

Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfred

Zdenek Fibich

King Umberto

Abby Sage Richardson

Charles Hale Hoyt

Lady John Scott

Victtorio Bersezio

Richard Hovey

Harald Molander

Sigbjorn Obstfelder

Ernst Eckstein

Edward Noyes Westcott

Ralph Lumley

Jules Adenis

Giorgi Tsereteli

Gottlieb Daimler

John Ruskin

Ottokar Novacek

Roger Wolcott

Henry Russell

Carl Laufs

R. D. Blackmore

Happy Birthday: April 24, 2022

 


Shirley MacLaine, 88

Barbra Streisand, 80

Cedric the Entertainer, 58

Djimon Hounsou, 58

Kelly Clarkson, 40

Richard Sterban, 79

Doug Clifford, 77

Ann Peebles, 75

Eric Bogosian, 69

Jack Blades, 68

Michael O'Keefe, 67

David J, 65

Glenn Morshower, 63

Billy Gould, 59

Patty Schemel, 55

Aaron Comess, 54

Aidan Gillen, 54

Stacy Haiduk, 54

Melinda Clarke, 53

Rory McCann, 53

Alejandro Fernandez, 51

Brian Marshall, 49

Derek Luke, 48

Thad Luckinbill, 47

Eric Balfour, 45

Rebecca Mader, 45

Reagan Gomez, 42

Austin Nichols, 42

Sasha Barrese, 41

Tyson Ritter, 38

Carly Pearce, 32

Joe Keery, 30

Jack Quaid, 30

Doc Shaw, 30

Jordan Fisher, 28

Omar Vizquel, 55

Robert Bailey Thomas (April 24, 1766-May 19, 1846)

John Russell Pope (April 24, 1874-August 27, 1937)

Sue Grafton (April 24, 1940-December 28, 2017)

Michigan Urban Legends on TPKs Stories

 https://anchor.fm/valerie-harvey/episodes/Michigan-Urban-Legends-e1hjgho

 

Saturday, April 23, 2022

Musician/Activist Joe Hill

 




Joe Hill (October 7, 1879 – November 19, 1915), born Joel Emmanuel Hägglund and also known as Joseph Hillström, was a Swedish-American labor activist, songwriter, and member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, familiarly called the "Wobblies"). A native Swedish speaker, he learned English during the early 1900s, while working various jobs from New York to San Francisco. Hill, an immigrant worker frequently facing unemployment and underemployment, became a popular songwriter and cartoonist for the union. His most famous songs include "The Preacher and the Slave" (in which he coined the phrase "pie in the sky"), "The Tramp", "There Is Power in a Union", "The Rebel Girl", and "Casey Jones—the Union Scab", which express the harsh and combative life of itinerant workers, and call for workers to organize their efforts to improve working conditions.


In 1914, John G. Morrison, a Salt Lake City area grocer and former policeman, and his son were shot and killed by two men. The same evening, Hill arrived at a doctor's office with a gunshot wound, and briefly mentioned a fight over a woman. He refused to explain further, even after he was accused of the grocery store murders on the basis of his injury. Hill was convicted of the murders in a controversial trial. Following an unsuccessful appeal, political debates, and international calls for clemency from high-profile figures and workers' organizations, Hill was executed in November 1915. After his death, he was memorialized by several folk songs. His life and death have inspired books and poetry.


The identity of the woman and the rival who supposedly caused Hill's injury, though frequently speculated upon, remained mostly conjecture for nearly a century. William M. Adler's 2011 biography of Hill presents information about a possible alibi, which was never introduced at the trial. According to Adler, Hill and his friend and countryman Otto Appelquist were rivals for the attention of 20-year-old Hilda Erickson, a member of the family with whom the two men were lodging. In a recently discovered letter, Erickson confirmed her relationship with the two men and the rivalry between them. The letter indicates that when she first discovered Hill was injured, he explained to her that Appelquist had shot him, apparently out of jealousy.


Early life


Joel Emmanuel Hägglund was born 1879 in Gävle (then spelled Gefle), a city in the province of Gästrikland, Sweden. He was the third child in a family of nine, where three children died young. His father, Olof, worked as a conductor on the Gefle-Dala railway line. Olof (1846–1887) died at the age of 41, and his death meant economic disaster for the family. Joe's mother Margareta Catharina (1844–1902) did, however, succeed in keeping the family together until she died when Joel was in his early twenties.


The Hägglund family home still stands in Gävle at the address Nedre Bergsgatan 28, in Gamla Stan, the Old Town. As of 2011 it houses a museum and the Joe Hill-gården, which hosts cultural events.


In his late teens-early twenties, Joel fell seriously ill with skin and glandular tuberculosis, and underwent extensive treatment in Stockholm. In October 1902, when nearly 23, Joel and his brother Paul Elias Hägglund (1877–1955) immigrated to the United States. Hill became an itinerant laborer, moving from New York City to Cleveland, and eventually to the west coast. He was in San Francisco at the time of the 1906 earthquake.


IWW


Hill was the author of numerous labor songs, including "The Rebel Girl," inspired by IWW activist Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.


By this time using the name Joe or Joseph Hillstrom (possibly because of anti-union blacklisting), he joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies around 1910, when working on the docks in San Pedro, California. In late 1910 he wrote a letter to the IWW newspaper Industrial Worker, identifying himself as a member of the IWW local chapter in Portland, Oregon.


He rose in the IWW organization and traveled widely, organizing workers under the IWW banner, writing political songs and satirical poems, and making speeches. He shortened his pseudonym to "Joe Hill" as the pen-name under which his songs, cartoons and other writings appeared. His songs frequently appropriated familiar melodies from popular songs and hymns of the time. He coined the phrase "pie in the sky", which appeared in his song "The Preacher and the Slave" (a parody of the hymn "In the Sweet By-and-By"). Other notable songs written by Hill include "The Tramp", "There Is Power in a Union", "The Rebel Girl", and "Casey Jones—the Union Scab".


Trial


As an itinerant worker, Hill moved around the west, hopping freight trains, going from job to job. By the end of 1913, he was working as a laborer at the Silver King Mine in Park City, Utah, not far from Salt Lake City.


On January 10, 1914, John G. Morrison and his son Arling were killed in their Salt Lake City grocery store by two armed intruders masked in red bandanas. The police first thought it was a crime of revenge, for nothing had been stolen and the elder Morrison had been a police officer, possibly creating many enemies. On the same evening, Joe Hill appeared on the doorstep of a local doctor, with a bullet wound through the left lung. Hill said that he had been shot in an argument over a woman, whom he refused to name. The doctor reported that Hill was armed with a pistol. Considering Morrison's past as a police officer, several men he had arrested were at first considered suspects; 12 people were arrested in the case before Hill was arrested and charged with the murder. A red bandana was found in Hill's room. The pistol purported to be in Hill's possession at the doctor's office was not found. Hill resolutely denied that he was involved in the robbery and killing of Morrison. He said that when he was shot, his hands were over his head, and the bullet hole in his coat — four inches below the exit wound in his back — seemed to support this claim. Hill did not testify at his trial, but his lawyers pointed out that four other people were treated for bullet wounds in Salt Lake City that same night, and that the lack of robbery and Hill's unfamiliarity with Morrison left him with no motive.


The prosecution, for its part, produced a dozen eyewitnesses who said that the killer resembled Hill, including 13-year-old Merlin Morrison, the victims' son, and a brother, who upon first seeing Hill said, "That's not him at all" but later identified him as the murderer. The jury took just a few hours to find him guilty of murder.


An appeal to the Utah Supreme Court was unsuccessful. Orrin N. Hilton, the lawyer representing Hill during the appeal, declared: "The main thing the state had on Hill was that he was a Wobbly and therefore sure to be guilty. Hill tried to keep the IWW out of [the trial] ... but the press fastened it upon him."


In a letter to the court, Hill continued to deny that the state had a right to inquire into the origins of his wound, leaving little doubt that the judges would affirm the conviction. Chief Justice Daniel Straup wrote that his unexplained wound was "a distinguishing mark," and that "the defendant may not avoid the natural and reasonable inferences of remaining silent." In an article for the socialist newspaper Appeal to Reason, Hill wrote: "Owing to the prominence of Mr. Morrison, there had to be a 'goat' [scapegoat] and the undersigned being, as they thought, a friendless tramp, a Swede, and worst of all, an IWW, had no right to live anyway, and was therefore duly selected to be 'the goat'."


The case turned into a major media event. President Woodrow Wilson, Helen Keller (the blind and deaf author and fellow-IWW member), the Swedish ambassador and the Swedish public all became involved in a bid for clemency. It generated international union attention, and critics charged that the trial and conviction were unfair. More recently, Utah Phillips considered Joe Hill to have been a political prisoner who was executed for his political agitation through songwriting.


In a biography published in 2011, William M. Adler concludes that Hill was probably innocent of murder, but also suggests that Hill came to see himself as worth more to the labor movement as a dead martyr than he was alive, and that this understanding may have influenced his decisions not to testify at the trial and subsequently to spurn all chances of a pardon. Adler reports that evidence pointed to early police suspect Frank Z. Wilson, and cites Hilda Erickson's letter, which states that Hill had told her he had been shot by her former fiance.


Execution


Joe Hill was executed by firing squad on November 19, 1915 at Utah's Sugar House Prison. When Deputy Shettler, who led the firing squad, called out the sequence of commands preparatory to firing ("Ready, aim,") Hill shouted, "Fire — go on and fire!"


That same day, a dynamite bomb was discovered at the Tarrytown estate of John D. Archbold, President of the Standard Oil Company. Police theorized the bomb was planted by anarchists and IWW radicals as a protest against Hill's execution. The bomb was discovered by a gardener, who found four sticks of dynamite, weighing a pound each, half hidden in a rut in a driveway fifty feet from the front entrance of the residence. The dynamite sticks were bound together by a length of wire, fitted with percussion caps, and wrapped with a piece of paper matching the color of the driveway, a path used by Archbold in going to or from his home by automobile. The bomb was later defused by police.


Just prior to his execution, Hill had written to Bill Haywood, an IWW leader, saying, "Goodbye Bill. I die like a true blue rebel. Don't waste any time in mourning. Organize ... Could you arrange to have my body hauled to the state line to be buried? I don't want to be found dead in Utah." Hunter S. Thompson asserted that Joe's last words were "Don't mourn. Organize."


His last will, which was eventually set to music by Ethel Raim, founder of the group The Pennywhistlers, requested a cremation and reads:


My will is easy to decide

For there is nothing to divide

My kin don't need to fuss and moan

"Moss does not cling to rolling stone"


My body? Oh, if I could choose

I would to ashes it reduce

And let the merry breezes blow

My dust to where some flowers grow


Perhaps some fading flower then

Would come to life and bloom again.

This is my Last and final Will.

Good Luck to All of you

Joe Hill


Aftermath


Hill's body was sent to Chicago, where it was cremated; in accordance with his wishes, his ashes were placed into 600 small envelopes and sent around the world to be released to the winds. Delegates attending the Tenth Convention of the IWW in Chicago received envelopes November 19, 1916, one year to the day of Hill's execution (and not on May Day 1916 as Wobbly lore claims). The rest of the 600 envelopes were sent to IWW locals, Wobblies and sympathizers around the world on January 3, 1917.


In 1988, it was discovered that an envelope had been seized by the United States Post Office Department in 1917 because of its "subversive potential". The envelope, with a photo affixed, captioned "Joe Hill murdered by the capitalist class, Nov. 19, 1915," as well as its contents, was deposited at the National Archives. A story appeared in the United Auto Workers' magazine Solidarity and a small item followed it in The New Yorker magazine. Members of the IWW in Chicago quickly laid claim to the contents of the envelope.


After some negotiations, the last of Hill's ashes (but not the envelope that contained them) was turned over to the IWW in 1988. The weekly In These Times ran notice of the ashes and invited readers to suggest what should be done with them. Suggestions varied from enshrining them at the AFL–CIO headquarters in Washington, DC to Abbie Hoffman's suggestion that they be eaten by today's "Joe Hills" like Billy Bragg and Michelle Shocked. Bragg did indeed swallow a small bit of the ashes with some Union beer to wash it down, and for a time carried Shocked's share for the eventual completion of Hoffman's last prank. Bragg has since given Shocked's share to Otis Gibbs. The majority of the ashes were cast to the wind in the US, Canada, Sweden, Australia, and Nicaragua. The ashes sent to Sweden were only partly cast to the wind. The main part was interred in the wall of a union office in Landskrona, a minor city in the south of the country, with a plaque commemorating Hill. That room is now the reading room of the local city library.


One small packet of ashes was scattered at a 1989 ceremony which unveiled a monument to six unarmed IWW coal miners buried in Lafayette, Colorado, who had been machine-gunned by Colorado state police in 1927 in the Columbine Mine massacre. Until 1989 the graves of five of these men were unmarked. Another famous Wobbly, Carlos Cortez, scattered Joe Hill's ashes on the graves at the commemoration.


On the night of November 18, 1990, the Southeast Michigan IWW General Membership Branch hosted a gathering of "wobs" in a remote wooded area at which a dinner, followed by a bonfire, featured a reading of Hill's last will, "and then his ashes were released into the flames and carried up above the trees. ... The next day ... one wob collected a bowl full of ashes from the smoldering fire pit." At that event several IWW members consumed a portion of Hill's ashes before the rest was consigned to the fire.


To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the execution of Joe Hill, Philip S. Foner published a book, The Case of Joe Hill, about the trial and subsequent events, which concludes that the case was a miscarriage of justice.


Archival materials and legacy


Hill's handwritten last will and testament was uncovered in the first decade of the 21st century by archivist Michael Nash of the Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives of New York University.[30] Found in a box under a desk at the New York City headquarters of the Communist Party USA during a transfer of CPUSA archival materials to NYU, the document began with a couplet: "My will is easy to decide / For I have nothing to divide."


Additional archival materials were donated to the Walter P. Reuther Library by Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in 1976.


Influence and tributes


I.W.W. Songs to Fan the Flames of Discontent (1916, Joe Hill Memorial Edition)

Joe Hill's Wake, Michigan (November 1990)


Hill's exhortation, "Don't waste any time mourning. Organize!", often shortened to "Don't mourn -- organize!", has become a widely-used slogan of the political Left, especially after a defeat or death.


Hill was memorialized in a tribute poem written about him c. 1930 by Alfred Hayes titled "I Dreamed I Saw Joe Hill Last Night," sometimes referred to simply as "Joe Hill". Hayes's lyrics were turned into a song in 1936 by Earl Robinson, who wrote in 1986, "'Joe Hill' was written in Camp Unity in the summer of 1936 in New York State, for a campfire program celebrating him and his songs ..." Hayes gave a copy of his poem to fellow camp staffer Robinson, who wrote the tune in 40 minutes.


Paul Robeson and Pete Seeger often performed this song by Earl Robinson and are associated with it, along with Irish folk group The Dubliners. Joan Baez's Woodstock performance of "Joe Hill" in 1969 (documented in the 1970 film "Woodstock" and corresponding soundtrack album) is one of the best known recordings. She also recorded the song numerous times, including a live version on her 2005 album Bowery Songs. Scott Walker recorded a version for his album The Moviegoer. In May 2014, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band opened their concert in Tampa, Florida, with the song.


The Swedish socialist leader Ture Nerman (1886–1969) wrote a biography of Joe Hill. For the project, Nerman did the first serious research about Hill's life story, including finding and interviewing Hill's family members in Sweden. Nerman, who was a poet himself, also translated most of Hill's songs into Swedish.


Ralph Chaplin wrote a tribute poem/song called "Joe Hill" and referred to him in his song "Red November, Black November."


Phil Ochs wrote and recorded a different, original song called "Joe Hill", using a traditional melody found in the song "John Hardy," which tells a much more detailed story of Joe Hill's life and death.


Singer/songwriter Josh Joplin wrote and recorded a song entitled Joseph Hillstrom 1879–1915 as a tribute to Joe Hill for the self-titled debut album Among the Oak & Ash of his band.


In 1990, Smithsonian Folkways released Don't Mourn — Organize!: Songs of Labor Songwriter Joe Hill. The compilation album featured the likes of Harry "Haywire Mac" McClintock, Cisco Houston, Paul Robeson, and Entertainment Workers IU630 I.W.W. performing Hill's songs, Billy Bragg and Si Kahn, and narrative interludes from Utah Phillips and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.


In 1990, Billy Bragg released his song "I Dreamed I Saw Phil Ochs Last Night", set to the melody of "I Dreamed I Saw Joe Hill Last Night," on his EP The Internationale.


Wallace Stegner published a fictional biography called Joe Hill in 1950.


Authors Stephen and Tabitha King named their second child Joseph Hillstrom King, after Joe Hill.


Gibbs M. Smith wrote a biography, Joe Hill, later adapted for the 1971 movie Joe Hill (also known as The Ballad of Joe Hill) directed by Bo Widerberg. A novelization of the screenplay, released concurrently with the film by Tempo Books was written by John McDermott, under that byline, although, as a mainstream novelist, he had been previously known only by his pen name, J. M. Ryan.


A chapter of John Dos Passos's novel 1919 is a stylized biography of Joe Hill.


Thomas Babe's 1980 full-length play *Salt Lake City Skyline* retells the story of Joe Hill's trial.


"Calling Joe Hill" by Ray Hearne is frequently performed by Roy Bailey, a British socialist folk singer.


In 1995, the first "Raise Your Banners" festival of political song was held in Sheffield, inspired by the 80th anniversary of the death of Joe Hill. Sheffield Socialist choir which was formed in 1988 organized the event and performed an arrangement by Nigel Wright of the Earl Robinson song about Joe Hill. Since then the festival has been held roughly every two years.


In 1980, Postverket, the Swedish postal service, issued a Joe Hill postage stamp. Red on a white background with the lyrics in English "We'll have freedom, love and health/When the grand red flag is flying, In the Workers' Commonwealth." The stamp cost SKr 1,70 which was the amount for airmail to the United States.


Chumbawamba's song about Joe Hill, "By and By", appears on the 2005 album A Singsong and a Scrap. It incorporates the first stanza of Alfred Hayes' poem and is set to substantially the same melody as "The Preacher and the Slave."


Track three on Mickey Hart's Mystery Box CD (2008) titled "Down The Road" makes reference to Joe Hill.


Seattle composer and bandleader Wayne Horvitz created a musical tribute to Joe Hill in 2008. Joe Hill: 16 Actions for Orchestra, Voice and Soloist, which premiered at Meany Hall in Seattle, features the Northwest Sinfonia and guest soloists Bill Frisell, Robin Holcomb, Danny Barnes, and Rinde Eckert.


Singer-songwriter Justin Townes Earle's 2009 song "They Killed John Henry" references folk heroes such as John Henry and contains a verse about Joe Hill.


Otis Gibbs made the Joe Hill's Ashes album in 2010.


In October 2011, activist/songwriter Si Kahn's one-man play Joe Hill's Last Will, featuring Hill's catalogue of songs and starring singer John McCutcheon, was produced by Main Stage West in Sebastopol, California. The one-person musical was performed by McCutcheon several times, including a show in Salt Lake City on November 19, 2015, the 100th anniversary of Joe Hill's death. The centennial event was recorded on video and audio.


In 2012, Anti-Flag released The General Strike, an album including a song titled "1915" telling the story of Joe Hill.


In 2013, trombonist Roswell Rudd recorded a four-movement tribute to Joe Hill with the NYC Labor Chorus and others as part of his Trombone For Lovers album.


In 2003, on the album Blackout, Dropkick Murphys performed a song quoting the beliefs of Joe Hill and using the phrase "pie in the sky". The song was titled "Worker's Song" and was composed by Ed Pickford. It was also performed by Dick Gaughan, Scottish folk singer and socialist.


In 2014, Finnish rap-artist Paleface referenced "Joel Hägglund's ashes" in his song "Mull' on lupa" (I Have a Permit/I Am Allowed).


In 2016, Shelby Bottom Duo released the CD Joe Hill Roadshow as a companion to their multimedia presentation A Musical History of Joe Hill and the Early Labor Movement.


In 2019 Joe Hill is a minor character in the novel Deep River by Karl Marlantes


In 2020, Dubamix pays tribute to Joe Hill, in the Album "Camarades" with his personal version of "Rebel Girl".

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1901

 



Queen Victoria

Giuseppe Verdi

Adolphe Le Prince

Henri De Toulouse Lavtrec

William McKinley

Johanna Spryi

Benjamin Harrison

Jules Barbieri

Daniel Butterfield

Emilio De March

Leopoldo Alas "Clarin"

Victor Betzonich

Phillipe Gille

Hiram Revels

Ethelbert Nevin

Arnold Bocklin

Ramon De Campoamor

Leon Czolgosz

Peter Benoit

Robert Buchanan

Eduardo Prado

Hung-Chang Li

Kate Greenway

Edmond Audran

Lev Ivandu

Ignatius Donnelly

Princess Royal Victoria

Gunnar  Wennerberg

James A. Verne

Walter Besant

Michal Balucki

Edward M. Alfriend

Happy Birthday: April 23, 2022

 


Valerie Bertinelli, 62

George Lopez, 61

John Cena, 45

John Oliver, 45

Kal Penn, 45

Jaime King, 43

Dev Patel, 32

Gigi Hadid, 27

Chloe Kim, 22

David Birney,83

Lee Majors, 83

Blair Brown, 75

Joyce DeWitt, 73

James Russo, 69

Michael Moore, 68

Judy Davis, 67

Craig Sheffer, 62

Melina Kanakaredes, 55

Stan Frazier, 54

Tim Womack, 54

Scott Bairstow, 52

John Lutz, 49

Aaron Dessner, 46

Bryce Dessner, 46

Taio Cruz, 39

Jesse Lee Soffer, 38

Anthony Lamarca, 35

Matthew Underwood, 32

Jake Kiszka, 26

Josh Kiszka, 26

Charlie Rowe, 26

James Buchanan, 15th U.S. President (April 23, 1791-June 1, 1868)

Max Planck (April 23, 1858-October 4, 1947)

Vladimir Nobokov (April 22, 1899-July 2, 1977)

Shirley Temple Black (April 23, 1928-February 19, 2014)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1902

 



Emile Zola

Swami Vivekananda

Iosif Ivanovici

Xavier De Montepin

Bret Harte

Frank Norris

Septimus Winner

Paul Leicester Ford

King Albert of Saxony

Thomas Dunn English

Cecil Rhodes

Julia Grant

Constantin

Queen Maria-Hendrika of the Belgians

Jacint Verdagver

Lajos Tolnai

Victor Langer

Richard Von Krafft-Ebing

Lajos Dobsa

Octavius L. Pruden

H. H. Morant

John Wesley Powell

Frank R. Stockton

Lorrin A. Codke

Sofya Blyvushtein

Ajqsenti Tsagareli

Alfred Plumpton

William T. Sampson

Sol Smith Russell

Jozsef Szigeti

Annie Jones

Charles Phillip Ingalls

Happy Birthday: April 22, 2022

 


Jack Nicholson, 85

John Waters, 76

Peter Frampton, 72

Terry Francona, 63

Jeffrey Dean Morgan, 56

Amber Heard, 36

Machine Gun Kelly, 32

Mel Carter, 83

Cleve Francis, 77

Paul Carrack, 71

Joseph Bottoms, 68

Ryan Stiles, 63

Byron Allen, 61

Chris Makepeace, 58

Fletcher Dragge, 56

Sheryl Lee, 55

Heath Wright, 55

Kellie Coffey, 51

Eric Mabius, 51

Ingo Rademacher, 51

Shavo Odadjian, 48

Daniel Johns, 43

Malcolm Barrett, 42

Cassidy Freeman, 40

Zack Gotssagen, 37

Tripp Howell, 33

Queen Isabella I (April 22, 1451-November 26, 1504)

Nikolai Lenin (April 22, [O.S. April 10], 1870-January 21, 1924)

Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904-February 18, 1967)

Charlotte Rae (April 22, 1926-August 5, 2018)

Glen Campbell (April 22, 1936-August 8, 2017)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1903

 



Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and By Rhine

Paul Gaugin

Robert Gascoyne-Cecil

Rentaro Taki

H. P. Danks

Topsy

Samuel A. Ward

Danjuro Ichikawa

Leo XIII

Victor Roger

Herbert Spencer

George Gissing

Jean-Baptiste Clement

Camille Du Locle

Gaurul Musicescu

Henry S. Washburn

Ernest Legouve

Frank Harvey

Richard Henry Savage

Lorinc Toth

B. L. Farjeon

Augustus Hare

Antonio Alvarez Alonso

Frank Hammitt

Hugo Wolf

Daniel H. Hastings

Koyo Ozaki

Konstantin Stanyukovich

William Ernest Henley

Frederick S. Gibbs

Luigi Arditi

Eugene Cormon

Robert Plaquette

Happy Birthday: April 21, 2022

 


Iggy Pop, 75

Tony Danza, 71

Andie MacDowell, 64

Robert Smith, 63

Rob Riggle, 52

James McAudy, 43

Elaine May, 90

Patti Lupone, 73

James Morrison, 68

Michael Timmons, 63

John Cameron Mitchell, 59

Michael Franti, 56

Leslie Silva, 54

Toby Stephens, 53

Glen Hansaro, 52

Nicole Sullivan, 52

David Brenner, 44

Dominic Zamprogna, 43

Terrence J, 40

Christopher Sanders, 34

Frank Dillane, 31

Sydney Sierota, 25

Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 96

Sister Helen Prejean, 83

Tony Romo, 42

Charlotte Bronte (April 21, 1816-March 31, 1855)

John Muir (April 21, 1838-December 24, 1914)

Anthony Quinn (April 21, 1915-June 3, 2001)

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1904

 



"Lighthorse" Harry Cooper

A. Pam Blumenthal

A. J. Liebling

Aase Bye

Abdul Rashid Kardar

Abram Okunchikou

Achille Varzi

Ada Ford

Adelaide Liefeld

Adelle Guildurucu

Adolf Meyer-Bremen

Adolf Von Wyhl

Adolfo Torrado

Adrien Adrius

Agustin Yanez

Aida Izquiero Ferreira

Al Blodgett

Al Cooke

Alan Campbell

Alan Gregg

Albert Boutwell

Albert Gabe

Albert Halper

Albert Marland

Albert Milton Cranston

Albert Navo

Albert Otteheimer

Albert R. Perkins

Albert Rickerd

Alberta Vaughn

Alberto Gomez

Albrecht Von Hagen

Aldo Ermini

Aldo Quinti

Alec Shanks

Alejandro Cobo

Alejo Carpenter

Aleksandr Benyaminov

Aleksandr Filimonov

Aleksandr Frolov

Aleksandr Gediskiy

Aleksandr Khanov

Aleksandr Komissarov

Aleksandr Zguridi

Aleksandr Denisova

Happy Birthday: April 20, 2022

 


George Takei, 85

Jessica Lange, 73

Crispin Glover, 58

Shemar Moore, 52

Carmen Electra, 50

Johnny Tillotson, 8

Ryan O'Neal, 81

Doyle Lawson, 77

Craig Frost, 74

Veronica Cartwright, 73

Clint Howard, 63

William DeVry, 54

Wade Hayes, 53

Joey Lawrence, 46

Clay Cook, 44

Clayne Crawford, 44

Tim Jo, 38

Carlos Valdes, 33

Rosalynn Sumners, 58

Napoleon III (April 20, 1808-January 9, 1973)

Mother Angelica (April 20, 1923-April 1, 2016)

Luther Vandross (April 20, 1951-July 1, 2005)

Tuesday, April 19, 2022

In Memoriam: Celebrities Lost 1905

 



Thelma Todd

Will Rogers

Junior Durkin

Marjorie White

DeWolf Hopper, Sr.

Clarence Geldert

Mark Swain

William "Stage" Boyd

Richard Travers

William K. L. Dickson

Gordon Westcott

Carlos Gardel

David Landau

Lloyd Hamilton

Lingyu Ruan

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Jack Coogan, Sr.

Sam Hardy

Herbert Bunston

Tom Murray

Louise Emmons

Edith Roberts

Maggie O'Brien

T. E. Laurence

Billie Latimer

Spencer Bell

Granville Redmond

Wiley Post

William Conklin

Henry Krause

Arthur Robison

Rene Bouicault

William Robert Daly

Alfred Dreyfus

Erkki Karv

Harry Schultz

Clarence Day

Leonce Perret

Templar Saxe

Anna Muller-Lincke

Monroe Salisbury

Pepi Lederer

Alexander Moissi

J. Gordon Russell

Corra Harris

Frederick Warde

Edouard Trebaol

Wilfrid North

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

Zelda Sears

Happy Birthday: April 19, 2022

 


Tim Curry, 76

Ashley Judd, 54

James Franco, 44

Kate Hudson, 43

Hayden Christensen, 41

Ali Wong, 40

Kelen Coleman, 38

Elinor Donahue, 85

Alan Price, 80

Mark "Flo" Volman, 75

Tony Plana, 70

Tom Wood, 59

Suge Knight, 57

Bekka Bramlett, 54

Luis Miguel, 52

Jennifer Taylor, 50

Madeleine Peyroux, 48

Catalino Sandino Moreno, 41

Victoria Yeates, 39

Steve Johnson, 37

Courtland Mead, 35

Al Unser, Jr., 60

Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903-May 16, 1957)

Jayne Mansfield (April 19, 1933-June 29, 1967)

Dudley Moore (April 19, 1935-March 27, 2002)

U.S. President #38: Gerald R. Ford on TPKs Stories

 https://anchor.fm/valerie-harvey/episodes/U-S--President-38-Gerald-R--Ford-Part-I-e1hcjoa

 

 https://anchor.fm/valerie-harvey/episodes/U-S--President-38-Gerald-R--Ford-Part-II-e1hcjqk

 

 https://anchor.fm/valerie-harvey/episodes/U-S--President-38-Gerald-R--Ford-Part-III-e1hjkp5

 

 https://anchor.fm/valerie-harvey/episodes/U-S--President-38-Gerald-R--Ford-Part-IV-e1hjkr9

 

Monday, April 18, 2022

John Brown - Abolitionist Part III

 


Influences


The connection between John Brown's life and many of the slave uprisings in the Caribbean was clear from the outset. Brown was born during the period of the Haitian Revolution, which saw Haitian slaves revolting against the French. The role the revolution played in helping to formulate Brown's abolitionist views directly is not clear; however, the revolution had an obvious effect on the general view towards slavery in the northern United States, and in the Southern states it was a warning of horror (as they viewed it) possibly to come. As W. E. B. Du Bois notes, the involvement of slaves in the American Revolutions, as well as the "upheaval in Hayti, and the new enthusiasm for human rights, led to a wave of emancipation which started in Vermont during the Revolution and swept through New England and Pennsylvania, ending finally in New York and New Jersey".


The 1839 slave insurrection aboard the Spanish ship La Amistad, off the coast of Cuba, provides a poignant example of John Brown's support and appeal towards Caribbean slave revolts. On La Amistad, Joseph Cinqué and approximately 50 other slaves captured the ship, slated to transport them from Havana to Puerto Príncipe, Cuba, in July 1839, and attempted to return to Africa. However, through trickery, the ship ended up in the United States, where Cinque and his men stood trial. Ultimately, the courts acquitted the men because at the time the international slave trade was illegal in the United States.  According to Brown's daughter, "Turner and Cinque stood first in esteem" among Brown's black heroes. Furthermore, she noted Brown's "admiration of Cinques' character and management in carrying his points with so little bloodshed!"  In 1850, Brown would refer affectionately to the revolt, in saying "Nothing so charms the American people as personal bravery. Witness the case of Cinques, of everlasting memory, on board the Amistad."


The specific knowledge John Brown gained from the tactics employed in the Haitian Revolution, and other Caribbean revolts, was of paramount importance when Brown turned his sights to the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. As Brown's cohort Richard Realf explained to a committee of the 36th Congress, "he had posted himself in relation to the wars of Toussaint L'Ouverture; he had become thoroughly acquainted with the wars in Hayti and the islands round about."  By studying the slave revolts of the Caribbean region, Brown learned a great deal about how to properly conduct guerrilla warfare. A key element to the prolonged success of this warfare was the establishment of maroon communities, which are essentially colonies of runaway slaves. As a contemporary article notes, Brown would use these establishments to "retreat from and evade attacks he could not overcome. He would maintain and prolong a guerrilla war, of which ... Haiti afforded" an example.


The idea of creating maroon communities was the impetus for the creation of John Brown's "Provisional Constitution and Ordinances for the People of the United States", which helped to detail how such communities would be governed. However, the idea of maroon colonies of slaves is not an idea exclusive to the Caribbean region. In fact, maroon communities riddled the southern United States between the mid-1600s and 1864, especially in the Great Dismal Swamp region of Virginia and North Carolina. Similar to the Haitian Revolution, the Seminole Wars, fought in modern-day Florida, saw the involvement of maroon communities, which although outnumbered by native allies were more effective fighters.


Although the maroon colonies of North America undoubtedly had an effect on John Brown's plan, their impact paled in comparison to that of the maroon communities in places like Haiti, Jamaica, and Surinam. Accounts by Brown's friends and cohorts prove this idea. Richard Realf, a cohort of Brown in Kansas, noted that Brown not only studied the slave revolts in the Caribbean, but focused more specifically on the maroons of Jamaica and those involved in Haiti's liberation. Brown's friend Richard Hinton similarly noted that Brown knew "by heart" the occurrences in Jamaica and Haiti.  Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a cohort of Brown's and a member of the Secret Six, stated that Brown's plan involved getting "together bands and families of fugitive slaves" and "establish them permanently in those [mountain] fastnesses, like the Maroons of Jamaica and Surinam".


Legacy


Of the major figures associated with the American Civil War, except for Abraham Lincoln, Brown is the most studied and pondered. Already in 1899 a bibliography filled 10 pages, and that without including any newspaper articles.


At the same time he is among the most studied, Brown is among the least commemorated. No state, federal, or local government in the United States honors Brown, beyond maintaining small museums, and Vermont has designated a John Brown Day. For example, there is no monument to Brown in Harpers Ferry, where his raid is not fondly remembered by inhabitants. There used to be a national monument, but it is now a historical park. There is, instead, a monument to the faithful slave that allegedly refused to join him.


In 1878, Ward Burlingame, newspaper editor and confidential secretary of several Kansas politicians, stated that in Kansas, "the memory of John Brown is cherished with peculiar veneration", and proposed that Brown should be one of Kansas's two statues in the new National Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capitol. This suggestion was endorsed by the Historical Society of Kansas. Seventeen years later, the Kansas Legislature selected Brown for one of the two statues, a response to Virginia having chosen Robert E. Lee. However, Kansans had mixed views on Brown. The statue was never funded, no sculptor was ever chosen (although the name of Daniel Chester French was suggested, and in 1914 Brown was "replaced" by a statue of Kansas Governor George Washington Glick (in 2003 replaced by Dwight David Eisenhower).


Kate Field raised money to give to the State of New York for what was to be, in her words, "John Brown's Grave and Farm". The New York State government turned it into the John Brown Farm State Historic Site.


At the centenary of the raid in 1959, the only thing celebrated in Harpers Ferry was the capture of Brown, after his raid. A "sanitized" play about him was put on.  "My grand pappy was a Confederate and we're not going to talk about John Brown", said Edwin (Mac) Dale, at the time the Superintendent of the national park.  He was so anti-Brown that an NPS historian came to Harpers Ferry "to help override the objections of...Dale to John Brown". This was unsuccessful. Dale refused to accept the attention the Raid would receive, and transferred to Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park.


John Brown Day


May 1: In 1999, John Brown Day was celebrated on May 1.


May 7: In 2016, John Brown Lives! Friends of Freedom celebrated May 7 as John Brown Day. In 2018, it was May 5. Spirit of John Brown Freedom Awards were given to environmentalist Jen Kretser, poet Martin Espada, and to Soffiyah Elijah, attorney and executive director of the Alliance of Families for Justice, which advocates for prison reform. In 2022, the day chosen was May 14.


May 9: The John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum, in Guys Mills, Pennsylvania, holds community celebrations on John Brown's birthday, May 9.


August 17: In 1906, the Niagara Movement, predecessor of the NAACP, celebrated John Brown Day on August 17.


October 16: In 2017, the Vermont Legislature designated October 16, the date of the raid, as John Brown Day.


Meetings in honor of John Brown


In 1946, the John Brown Memorial Association held its 24th annual pilgrimage to the grave in North Elba, where there were memorial services.


At the 150th anniversary of the raid In 2009, a two-day symposium, "John Brown Comes Home", was held, on the influence of Brown's raid, using facilities in adjacent Lake Placid. Speakers included Bernadine Dohrn and a great-great-great-granddaughter of Brown.


John Brown Memorials


Museums


John Brown Museum, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia


John Brown Farm State Historic Site, North Elba, New York


John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum, Guys Mills, Pennsylvania


John Brown House (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania)


John Brown Museum, Osawatomie, Kansas


John Brown Raid Headquarters (Kennedy Farm), Samples Manor, Maryland


All of the museums above except the one in Harpers Ferry are places Brown lived or stayed.


Barnum's American Museum in New York, destroyed by fire in 1868, contained according to a November 7, 1859, advertisement "a full-length Wax Figure of OSAWATOMIE BROWN, taken from life, and a KNIFE found on the body of his son, at Harper's Ferry". An agent of Barnum traveled to Harpers Ferry in November, saw Brown, and offered him $100 (equivalent to $3,016 in 2021) for "his clothes and pike, and his certificate of their genuineness." By December 7 the exhibits included "his autograph Commission to a Lieutenancy as well as TWO PIKES or spears taken at Harper's Ferry". Also exhibited were the Augustus Washington 1847 daguerreotype of Brown (see above) and the now-lost painting by Louis Ransom of the famous, apocryphal incident of Brown kissing a black baby on his way to the gallows, reproduced in an Currier & Ives print (see Paintings). The latter was only exhibited for two months in 1863; Barnum withdrew it to save the building from destruction during the anti-Negro riot that broke out shortly.


Statues


As discussed above (#Legacy), nothing came of the proposal that Kansas send a statue of Brown as one of its two representatives honored in the U.S. Capitol.


The first statue of Brown, and the only one not at one of his residences, is that located on the (new) John Brown Memorial Plaza, on the former campus of the closed Black Western University, site of a freedmen's school founded in 1865, the first Black school west of the Mississippi River. The statue is the one surviving structure of the entire Quindaro Townsite, a ghost town today part of Kansas City, Kansas (27th Street and Sewell Avenue), a major Underground Railroad station, a key port on the Missouri River for fugitive slaves and contrabands escaping from the slave state of Missouri. The pillar and the life-sized statue of Brown were erected by descendants of slaves in 1911, at a cost of $2,000 (equivalent to $58,164 in 2021). Lettering reads: "Erected to the Memory of John Brown by a Grateful People". There is a bronze plaque. In March 2018, the statue was defaced with swastikas and "Hail Satan".


At the John Brown Farm State Historic Site, near Lake Placid, New York, there is a 1935 statue of Brown escorting a black child to freedom. The artist was Joseph Pollia. The cost of the statue and pedestal "was contributed in small sums by Negroes of the United States".


There is also a statue (1933) at the John Brown Museum, Brown's home in Osawatomie, Kansas. It was sponsored by the Women's Relief Corps, Department of Kansas.


Aside from these, the only sculpture of Brown is a bust by Black sculptor Edmonia Lewis, which she presented to Henry Highland Garnet.


Streets


There is only one major street anywhere in the world honoring Brown, the Avenue John Brown in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where there is also an avenue honoring abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner.


There is a rural John Brown Road near Torrington, Connecticut, his birthplace. Small roads near museums in North Elba, New York, and Guys Mills, Pennsylvania, are named for Brown. There is a Harpers Ferry Street in Davie, Florida, and in Ellwood City and Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, in Northwest Pennsylvania near the Ohio border, near the route Owen Brown took seeking refuge after the raid in his brother John Jr.'s house in Ashtabula County, Ohio, there is a Harpers Ferry Road, and intersecting with it, a smaller John Brown Road. In Osawatomie, Kansas, there is a John Brown Highway.


Storer College


Storer College began as the first graded school for Blacks in West Virginia. Its location in Harpers Ferry was because of the importance of Brown and his raid. The Arsenal engine house, renamed John Brown's Fort, was moved to the Storer campus in 1909. It was used as the college museum.


A Plaque honoring Brown was attached to the Fort in 1918, while it was on the Storer campus.


Plaque on John Brown's Fort


In 1931, after years of controversy, a tablet was erected in Harpers Ferry by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy, honoring the key "Lost Cause" belief that their slaves were happy and neither wanted freedom nor supported John Brown. (See Heyward Shepherd monument.) The president of Storer participated in the dedication. In response, W. E. B. DuBois, co-founder of the NAACP, wrote text for a new plaque in 1932. The Storer College administration would not allow it to be put it up, nor did the National Park Service after becoming owner of the Fort. In 2006, it was placed at the site on the former Storer campus where the Fort had been located.


Other John Brown sites


John Brown's Fort, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.


John Brown House (Akron, Ohio), where he lived from 1844 to 1854, is (2020) not open to the public but is being renovated by the Summit County Historical Society of Akron, Ohio. There is a John Brown Memorial near the House. They are in the Perkins Park area of the Akron Zoo. The memorial was not erected within the zoo; the zoo incorporated the land where it is. It is not well marked and is not normally open to the public, nor is the house, though this is expected to change. The monument was erected in 1910, 8,000 people attended, and Jason Brown, at the time John Brown's oldest living child, spoke.


The wagon that carried Brown from jail to his execution is preserved by the Jefferson County, West Virginia, Museum in Charles Town.


A wagon used by Brown when transporting freed slaves from Missouri across Iowa is preserved at the Iowa Historical Society.


An approximate replica of the firehouse was built in 2012 at the Discovery Park of America museum park in Union City, Tennessee. There is a marker explaining the link with John Brown's raid.


Iowa has set up the John Brown Freedom Trail, marking his journey across Iowa leaving Kansas, en route to Chatham, Ontario.


Lewis, Iowa: "Fighting Slavery – Aiding Runaways. John Brown Freedom Trail – December 20, 1858 – March 12, 1859."


"Because of the impossibility of colored boys entering work shops where useful trades are taught," a John Brown Industrial College was planned at Bonner Springs, Kansas, a suburb of Kansas City, and 80 acres (32 ha) purchased. While the organizers stated that "the college is intended as a monument in honor of John Brown, of Osawatomie", in Missouri there was no support; Brown was "the murderer of Osawatomie". "Has it come to this?," a Missouri newspaper asked.


Media


Two notable screen portrayals of Brown were given by actor Raymond Massey. The 1940 film Santa Fe Trail, starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, depicted Brown completely unsympathetically as an out-and-out villainous madman; Massey plays him with a constant, wild-eyed stare. The film gave the impression that he did not oppose slavery, even to the point of having a Black "mammy" character say, after an especially fierce battle, "Mr. Brown done promised us freedom, but ... if this is freedom, I don't want no part of it". Massey portrayed Brown again in the little-known, low-budget Seven Angry Men, in which he was not only the main character, but depicted in a much more restrained, sympathetic way. Massey, along with Tyrone Power and Judith Anderson, starred in the acclaimed 1953 dramatic reading of Stephen Vincent Benet's epic Pulitzer Prize-winning poem John Brown's Body (1928).


Numerous American poets have written poems about him, including John Greenleaf Whittier, Louisa May Alcott, and Walt Whitman. The Polish poet Cyprian Kamil Norwid wrote two poems praising Brown: "John Brown" and the better known "Do obywatela Johna Brown" ("To Citizen John Brown"). Marching Song (1932) is an unpublished play about the legend of John Brown by Orson Welles.  Russell Banks's 1998 biographical novel about Brown, Cloudsplitter, was a Pulitzer Prize finalist. It is narrated by Brown's surviving son Owen. James McBride's 2013 novel The Good Lord Bird tells Brown's story through the eyes of a young slave, Henry Shackleford, who accompanies Brown to Harpers Ferry. The novel won the 2013 National Book Award for Fiction. A limited episode series based on the book was released starring Ethan Hawke as John Brown.


Paintings


A well-known image of Brown in the later 19th century is a Currier and Ives print, based on a lost painting by Louis Ransom. It portrays Brown as a Christ-like figure. The "Virgin and Child" typically depicted with Christ are here a black mother and mulatto child. Legend says that Brown kissed the mythical baby but virtually all scholars agree that this did not in fact happen.  Above Brown's head, like a halo, is the flag of Virginia and its motto, Sic semper tyrannis ("Thus always to tyrants"). According to Brown's supporters, the government of Virginia was tyrannical and according to fugitive slaves, it "is as well the black man's, as the white man's motto".


In 1938, Kansas painter John Steuart Curry was commissioned to prepare murals for the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka, Kansas. He chose as his subject the Kansan John Brown, seen by many as the most important man in Kansas history. In the resulting mural, Tragic Prelude, Brown holds a Bible in one hand and a "Beecher's Bible" (rifle) in the other. Behind him are Union and Confederate troops, with dead soldiers; a reference to the Bleeding Kansas period, which Brown was at the center of, and which was commonly seen to have been a dress rehearsal, a "tragic prelude", to the increasingly inevitable Civil War.


In 1941, Jacob Lawrence illustrated Brown's life in The Legend of John Brown, a series of 22 gouache paintings. By 1977, these were in such fragile condition that they could not be displayed, and the Detroit Institute of Arts had to commission Lawrence to recreate the series as silkscreen prints. The result was a limited-edition portfolio of 22 hand-screened prints, published with a poem, John Brown, by Robert Hayden, commissioned specifically for the project. Though Brown had been a popular topic for many painters, The Legend of John Brown was the first series to explore his legacy from an African-American perspective.


Paintings such as Thomas Hovenden's The Last Moments of John Brown immortalize an apocryphal story in which a Black woman offers the condemned Brown her baby to kiss on his way to the gallows. It was probably a tale invented by journalist James Redpath.


Historical markers


According to the Historical Marker Database, Brown is mentioned on the following historical markers:


At his birthplace in Torrington, Connecticut, on John Brown Road.

Baldwin City, Kansas: "Battle of Black Jack"

Franklin County, Kansas: At the site of the Pottawatomie massacre.

Lawrence, Kansas: "John Brown and the Siege of Lawrence, September 14–15, 1856"

Near Netawaka, Kansas: Battle of the Spurs


Osawatomie, Kansas:


At the site of the Battle of Osawatomie, in John Brown Memorial Park.

"Soldiers' Monument". Commemorating the 5 persons killed, including one of Brown's sons. "This inscription is also in commemoration of the heroism of Capt. John Brown who commanded at the Battle of Osawatomie August 30, 1856; who died and conquered American slavery on the scaffold at Charlestown Va. Dec. 2, 1859."

1935 plaque by The Woman's Relief Corps, Department of Kansas

Old Stone Church Marker. "Built by Rev. Samuel Adair brother-in-law of John Brown" (1861).

Topeka, Kansas: "Capital of Kansas" ("In the late 1850s Negroes bound north on the 'underground railway' were hidden here by John Brown.")


Near Trading Post, Kansas:

"Marais des Cygnes Massacre" – site of a "fort" built by Brown after the massacre

"Murder on the Marais des Cygnes"

Hagerstown, Maryland: at the site of the Washington House Hotel, where Brown stayed on his way to Harpers Ferry.

Hyattsville, Maryland: Osborne Perry Anderson, who fought with Brown.

Sharpsburg, Maryland: at the site of the Kennedy Farm.

Marlborough, Massachusetts: at the John Brown Bell, once in Harpers Ferry, since 1892 on display in Marlborough. The second-most-famous American bell, after the Liberty Bell.

Detroit, Michigan: at the house of William Webb, site of the "Frederick Douglass – John Brown meeting".


Hudson, Ohio:

At his boyhood home.

First Congregational Church in Hudson: "At a November 1837 prayer meeting, church member and anti-slavery leader John Brown made his first public vow to destroy slavery." Another marker mentions Brown at the former site of the church.

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania: "Abolitionist John Brown Boards in Chambersburg"

In rural Crawford County, Pennsylvania, there is a John Brown Road, and on it two historical markers at the site of Brown's house and tannery.

Indiana, Pennsylvania: marker for Absalom (Albert) Hazlett, a member of Brown's party who was also hanged at Charles Town (in 1860)

King of Prussia, Pennsylvania (Valley Forge National Historic Park): "Knox's Quarters – John Brown Farm".

Kent, Ohio: marker for Underground Railroad stops mentions John Brown's residence in Kent (then called Franklin Mills) during the 1830s.

Mont Alto, Pennsylvania: "John Brown Raid", where John Cooke, one of Brown's followers, was captured. (Two markers.)

Near Amissville, Virginia: Dangerfield Newby marker.

Winchester, Virginia: "A 'Malicious Design' – Burning the Winchester Medical College". The body of John Brown's son Watson was brought there for dissection by medical students.


Charles Town, West Virginia:

"Jefferson County Courthouse – Where John Brown Was Tried"

"Two Treason Trials". (The other had nothing to do with Brown.)

"Hanging Site of John Brown. Creation of a Martyr. Prelude to War."

"Site of the execution of John Brown"

"Edge Hill Cemetery – John Brown Raid Victims"

Beallair, home of Colonel Lewis Washington, held hostage by Brown.

Focus of Action – Jefferson County in the Civil War


Harpers Ferry, West Virginia:

"Pilgrimage." Marks the site of an 1896 visit by the National League of Colored Women.

"Holy Ground". Marks 1906 visit by members of the Niagara Movement, predecessor of the NAACP, on what they called John Brown Day, August 17.

"John Brown", plaque erected in 1918 by the alumni of Storer College.

"John Brown", plaque erected in 1932 by the NAACP.

"John Brown Fort."

"A Nation's Armory"

"Arsenal Square"

"'for the deposit of arms'"

"John Brown Monument", on the site of the original location of "John Brown's Fort"

"John Brown's Last Stand", at the same location.

"Allstadt House – John Brown's Hostages – Prelude to War"

"The John Brown Raiders", all those who participated in the raid.

"In Honor of Private Luke Quinn" – killed during the capture of John Brown

"The Murphy Farm", location of John Brown's Fort between 1895 and 1910.

"Hayward Shepard – Another Perspective"

"Heyward Shepherd"

Chatham, Ontario: "John Brown's Convention 1858".


Archival material


Court material and related documents


Of the court material regarding the trial itself, only the order book was preserved. The order book, which had the minutes of John Brown's trial, was evidently possessed by Brown's judge Richard Parker in 1888. Two separate collections of relevant letters were published. The first is the messages, mostly telegrams, sent and received by Governor Wise.


The rest of the documents, writs, the indictment, and charges disappeared. Among the missing material used at his trial as evidence of sedition were bundles of printed copies of his Provisional Constitution, prepared for the "state" Brown intended to set up in the Appalachian Mountains. Even less known is Brown's "Declaration of Liberty", imitating the Declaration of Independence.


According to Prosecutor Andrew Hunter,


John Brown had with him when captured at Harpers Ferry a carpet-bag in which were his constitution for a provisional government and other papers. He had placed it in one corner of the engine house, and there it was found when the marines charged and captured the survivors. Mr. Hunter took possession of the carpet-bag and carried it to Charlestown. He kept it and its contents. He added to the papers the letters which were forwarded to the prisoners and not delivered to them. Ordinary letters were allowed to pass to the prisoners after Mr. Hunter had examined them. But those letters which seemed to contain information bearing upon the organization in the North, Mr. Hunter confiscated and kept. He had between seventy and eighty of these letters, and he placed them in John Brown's carpet-bag. Other important documents bearing upon the secret history of the case went into the same receptacle, and much of the matter nobody but Mr. Hunter saw.


There was correspondence from Frederick Douglass and Gerrit Smith, among many others. Hugh Forbes said that the carpet-bag may have contained "an abundant supply of my correspondence" (After Brown's arrest, Smith, Douglass, and future biographer and friend Franklin Sanborn began destroying correspondence and other documents because they feared criminal charges for aiding Brown.)


The carpet-bag also contained maps of Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia that showed the locations of State arsenals with proposed routes for attacks and retreats.


Hunter personally took the carpet-bag to Richmond, because he thought it would be safer there. He was at the time a member of the Virginia State Senate. In 1865, when Lee advised that he could no longer defend Richmond, Hunter did not want the "Yankees" to find the carpet-bag. He thought that the Capitol was as safe a place as any in Richmond, and he asked Commonwealth Secretary George Wythe Munford if he could hide it in the Capitol. "Munford told me that he has taken the carpet-bag up to the cock-loft of the Capitol and had let down the bag between the wall and the plastering, and I believe those papers are there yet."


Wise sent attorney Henry Hudnall to Charles Town to put in order Hunter's documents. In a letter to Wise of November 17, he refers to "a large quantity of matter", including "newly a half bushel of letters" just of Tidd alone.


In 1907–08 there appeared in print a varied collection of letters and other documents a Union soldier from Massachusetts took from Hunter's office in the Charles Town courthouse in 1862, when it was being used as a Union barracks. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad published its many internal telegrams.


Correspondence and other archival material


The West Virginia Archives and History owns the largest single collection on Brown, the Boyd B. Stutler Collection. A negative microfilm of the material is held by the Ohio Historical Society.


The Hudson Library and Historical Society of Hudson, Ohio, Brown's home town, prepared annotated listings of Brown's many ancestors, siblings, and children. Since John Brown moved around a lot, had a large family, and had a lot to say, he carried on a voluminous correspondence, including letters to editors, and was repeatedly interviewed by reporters, as he made himself available. Archival material on him and his circle is therefore abundant, and widely scattered. There has never been a complete edition of his extant correspondence; the one scholarly attempt, from 1885, produced a book of 645 pages. Editor F. B. Sanborn stated that he had enough letters for another book. A 2015 book was published just of the letters Brown wrote in the last month of his life, from jail. Additional letters were found and published in the 20th century. Archival material concerning John Brown's time in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, including his tannery, is held by the Pelletier Library, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. Clark Atlanta University holds a small collection.


Brown biographer Oswald Garrison Villard surveys the manuscript collections in his 1910 biography. The archive of Villard is in the Columbia University Library. Kansas Memory has a collection of materials regarding Brown's activities in Kansas. A project of the Kansas Historical Society, it holds the collection of Brown biographer Richard J. Hinton.